留学Visa（Residence Status「留学」）

Detailed explanation of 留学Visa（Residence Status「留学」） based on official information from 出入国在留管理庁. Japan

Published: January 12, 2026

Residence Status in Japan: Overview and Procedures

1. Overview

Residence status (在留資格, zairyū shikaku) is the legal permission granted by the Japanese government that allows foreign nationals to reside in Japan for a specific purpose and duration. It is the cornerstone of Japan's immigration control system, defining the activities a foreign resident is authorized to engage in (e.g., work, study, family life) and their maximum period of stay. Proper management of one's residence status is critical for legal residency, employment, access to public services, and a pathway to long-term settlement or permanent residency. Failure to maintain a valid status can result in penalties, detention, deportation, and future entry bans.

2. Applicable Objects & Scenarios

This topic applies to all foreign nationals who wish to stay in Japan for more than the period granted to short-term tourists (e.g., 90 days for many nationalities). Key scenarios include:

  • First-time Entry: Individuals entering Japan for purposes such as employment (Engineer/Specialist in Humanities/International Services, etc.), study (Student), cultural activities (Cultural Activities), or to join family (Spouse or Child of Japanese National, etc.).
  • Status Change: Individuals already in Japan who wish to change their primary activity (e.g., from Student to Worker).
  • Status Renewal: Individuals wishing to extend their period of stay beyond the current expiration date on their Residence Card.
  • Permanent Residency: Long-term residents applying for indefinite permission to stay.
  • Dependent Family Members: Spouses or children of foreign residents applying for a dependent status.

3. Core Conclusions

  • Activity-Restricted: Your residence status strictly defines the activities you are permitted to engage in. Working in a field not authorized by your status is illegal.
  • Time-Limited: Most statuses are granted for a finite period (e.g., 1 year, 3 years, 5 years). You must apply for an extension before it expires.
  • Card-Centric: The Residence Card (在留カード, Zairyū Card) is the primary physical proof of your status and must be carried at all times.
  • Notification Obligations: Residents must notify the Immigration Services Agency of changes in address, workplace, school, or other key details, typically via their local municipal office.
  • Proactive Management: It is the resident's sole responsibility to track expiration dates and ensure timely applications for renewal or change of status.

4. Procedures & Steps

The following outlines the general process for common applications like renewal or change of status.

Step 1: Preparation

  • Identify the Correct Status: Confirm the specific residence status you are eligible for and intend to apply for (e.g., "Engineer/Specialist in Humanities/International Services" for office work).
  • Gather Required Documents: This typically includes:
    • Application form (obtainable from Immigration or their website).
    • Passport and Residence Card.
    • Photo (specified size and format).
    • Documents supporting the application (e.g., employment contract and company documents for work status, acceptance letter and transcripts for student status, marriage certificate for spouse status).
    • Note: Document requirements vary drastically by status. Always check the official checklist.
  • Check Application Window: Applications for extension should generally be submitted within 3 months before your current status expires.

Step 2: Application & Submission

  • Submit the complete application package in person at the nearest Regional Immigration Services Bureau. Some applications may be submitted by a legal representative (like an administrative scrivener).
  • Pay the application fee, if applicable (e.g., for Permanent Residency). Fees vary; please verify with official sources.
  • You will receive an application receipt slip (shinsei juri shomeisho). Keep this safe, as it may be needed for inquiries.

Step 3: Review & Confirmation

  • Processing times vary from a few weeks to several months, depending on the status and complexity.
  • If approved, your Residence Card will be updated with a new period of stay. For in-country applications, a stamp or sticker in your passport may be issued first, with instructions to receive your updated card.
  • If denied, you will receive a notice with the reason. You may have options to appeal or reapply, depending on the circumstances.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can I work part-time with a Student visa? A: Yes, but you must apply for and obtain "Permission to Engage in Activity Other Than That Permitted by the Status of Residence Previously Granted" from Immigration. There is a statutory limit on working hours (28 hours per week during school terms).

Q2: What happens if I overstay my visa? A: Overstaying is a serious violation of immigration law. You become subject to detention, deportation, and a re-entry ban (typically 1, 5, or 10 years). You should contact Immigration immediately if you have overstayed.

Q3: How long does it take to process a status renewal? A: Standard processing can take approximately 2-4 weeks for straightforward renewals, but it can be longer during peak periods or for complex cases. Always apply well before your status expires.

Q4: Do I need to notify Immigration when I move? A: Yes, but you do this at your new local municipal office (city/ward office) within 14 days of moving. They will update the address on your Residence Card and inform Immigration on your behalf.

Q5: What is the difference between a "Certificate of Eligibility" and a "Status of Residence"? A: The Certificate of Eligibility (COE) is preliminary screening approval obtained by a sponsor in Japan before you arrive. The Status of Residence is formally granted at the port of entry (using the COE) or via an in-country application. The COE is for the initial grant; renewals and changes are applied for directly.

Q6: Can I apply for Permanent Residency? A: General requirements include continuous residence in Japan (typically 10 years, with 5+ years on a work-status), demonstrated good conduct, financial stability, and fulfillment of tax and pension obligations. Specific requirements vary; please verify with official sources.

6. Risks & Compliance

  • Illegal Work: Engaging in work outside the scope of your status is a direct violation and grounds for revocation of status and deportation.
  • Lapse in Status: Letting your status expire makes you an illegal overstayer. Set reminders for your expiration date.
  • Incorrect Information: Providing false documents or information in an application can result in denial, revocation of status, and future entry bans.
  • Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only. Immigration laws and procedures are subject to change. Always consult the official website of the Immigration Services Agency of Japan or a licensed immigration professional for the most current information and advice pertaining to your specific situation.

7. References & Sources

8. Related Topics

  • Certificate of Eligibility (COE)
  • Japan Residence Card (在留カード)
  • Re-entry Permit (再入国許可)
  • Permanent Residency in Japan (永住許可)
  • Japanese Citizenship (Naturalization)
  • Immigration Procedures at Japanese Airports
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