All 33 Types of Residence Status

Detailed explanation of All 33 Types of Residence Status based on official information from 出入国在留管理庁. Japan

Published: January 12, 2026

Comprehensive Guide to Japan's 33 Types of Residence Status

1. Overview

Residence status (在留資格, zairyu shikaku) is the legal foundation governing the stay and activities of foreign nationals in Japan. The Immigration Services Agency of Japan (ISA) categorizes foreign residents into 33 distinct statuses, each defining permitted activities, duration of stay, and eligibility requirements. Understanding these statuses is crucial for compliance with Japanese immigration law, as engaging in activities outside one's designated status can result in penalties, deportation, or future entry bans. This system ensures that foreign nationals contribute to Japanese society and the economy within a clear legal framework.

2. Applicable Objects & Scenarios

This information applies to all foreign nationals (non-Japanese citizens) who wish to enter, reside, or work in Japan for short-term or long-term periods. It is needed when:

  • Planning to move to Japan for work, study, or family reasons.
  • Changing jobs or activities while residing in Japan.
  • Applying for a Certificate of Eligibility (COE) or a visa.
  • Seeking to extend one's period of stay.
  • Employers hiring foreign nationals.
  • Legal professionals and administrative scriveners assisting with immigration procedures.

3. Core Conclusions

  • Activity-Specific: Most statuses are tied to specific permitted activities (e.g., "Engineer/Specialist in Humanities/International Services," "Instructor"). You may only engage in the activity defined by your status.
  • Status vs. Visa: The "Residence Status" is granted upon landing permission in Japan and is different from the visa issued by the embassy/consulate, which is an entry recommendation.
  • Period of Stay: Each status has a designated period of stay (e.g., 1 year, 3 years, 5 years). You must apply for an extension before it expires.
  • Change of Status Required: If you wish to engage in a different primary activity, you must apply for a "Change of Status of Residence" before starting the new activity.
  • Path to Permanent Residence: Certain long-term statuses (like "Highly Skilled Professional" or "Long-Term Resident") can be pathways to applying for Permanent Residence after meeting specific residency and contribution requirements.

4. Procedures & Steps

The core procedure to obtain a residence status typically involves two main stages: obtaining a Certificate of Eligibility (COE) and then the visa/landing permission.

Step 1: Preparation (Before Coming to Japan)

  • Identify the Correct Status: Determine which of the 33 statuses matches your purpose of stay (e.g., "Student" for university study, "Technical Intern Training" for specified training).
  • Certificate of Eligibility (COE) Application: Your future employer, school, or sponsoring relative in Japan (the "Inviting Organization") usually applies for the COE on your behalf at the regional immigration bureau in Japan. This document certifies you meet the conditions for the status.
  • Gather Required Documents: The sponsor submits documents like application forms, proof of eligibility (contracts, diplomas, marriage certificates), and financial guarantee documents. Requirements vary significantly by status.

Step 2: Application & Submission

  • Visa Application: Once the COE is issued and sent to you, you apply for the corresponding visa at the Japanese embassy or consulate in your country of residence by submitting the COE, visa application form, passport, and photo.
  • Landing Application: Upon arrival in Japan, you present your passport with the visa and the COE to the immigration officer at the airport/seaport. You apply for "landing permission."

Step 3: Review & Confirmation

  • The immigration officer examines your documents and, if all conditions are met, grants you landing permission. Your passport is stamped with your Residence Status and Period of Stay. You are now a registered resident.
  • You will receive a Residence Card (在留カード) at the airport (for major airports) or later by mail, which is your official ID in Japan.

(For procedures within Japan, such as Extension of Period of Stay or Change of Status of Residence, applications are submitted directly to the Immigration Services Agency.)

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the difference between a "Visa" and a "Residence Status"? A: A visa is a sticker placed in your passport by a Japanese embassy/consulate outside Japan, confirming you are recommended for entry. The actual Residence Status is granted by an immigration officer upon entry into Japan, which legally defines what you can do and how long you can stay.

Q2: Can I work part-time on a "Student" status? A: Yes, but with strict limitations. Students must apply for "Permission to Engage in Activity Other Than That Permitted by the Status of Residence" from immigration. They are generally allowed to work up to 28 hours per week during school terms and up to 8 hours per day during long vacations. Certain industries (like adult entertainment) are prohibited.

Q3: What is the "Designated Activities" status? A: This is a flexible status for activities designated by the Minister of Justice. It covers a wide range, including Working Holiday participants, domestic helpers of diplomatic personnel, and the "Specified Skilled Worker (i)" preparation period. The permitted activity and conditions are specified on the residence card.

Q4: I am on a "Spouse or Child of Japanese National" status. Can I work freely? A: Yes. This status (and "Spouse or Child of Permanent Resident"/"Long-Term Resident" for spouses) has no restrictions on the type of work or working hours. You can engage in any legal activity.

Q5: How can I bring my family to Japan? A: If you hold a work-related status (e.g., "Engineer," "Intra-company Transferee"), you can apply for your spouse and children to obtain a "Dependent" status, provided you can support them financially. Some statuses like "Student" or "Technical Intern Trainee" generally do not allow dependents.

Q6: What happens if I work outside my permitted activities? A: Engaging in activities not authorized by your residence status is a violation of the Immigration Control Act. This can lead to revocation of your status, deportation, and being barred from re-entering Japan for a period of years. It is a serious offense.

Q7: What is the "Highly Skilled Professional" status? A: This is a preferential status for individuals who score a minimum number of points based on academic background, work experience, annual salary, and other achievements. It offers benefits like a longer period of stay, permission for multiple activities, and a faster path to permanent residency.

6. Risks & Compliance

  • Do Not Overstay: Remaining in Japan beyond your permitted period of stay is illegal. Always apply for an extension well before the expiry date.
  • Report Changes: You are legally required to report changes in your workplace, school, or home address to your municipal office and, in some cases, immigration, within 14 days.
  • Status is Not Automatic: Changing jobs or schools does not automatically change your status. If the core activity changes (e.g., from student to full-time worker), you must apply for a Change of Status.
  • Carry Your Residence Card: You must carry your Residence Card at all times. Failure to present it to an immigration officer upon request can result in a fine.
  • Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only. Immigration laws and policies are subject to change. Always consult the official Immigration Services Agency website or a licensed immigration lawyer/scrivener for the most current information and personal legal advice.

7. References & Sources

8. Related Topics

  • Certificate of Eligibility (COE)
  • Extension of Period of Stay
  • Change of Status of Residence
  • Permanent Residence Application
  • Re-entry Permit
  • Japan Residence Management System (Juminhyo, My Number)
  • Specified Skilled Worker Visa
  • Working Holiday Program in Japan
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